The History of Sugar and Its Influence Assignment - 1

The History of Sugar and Its Influence - Assignment Example In trying to coordinate with such a comprehension and influence a further acknowledgment for how current society ingests bigger and bigger measures of sugar, just as the manners by which cultural partners can try to reduce the effects of sugar utilization, the August 2013 issue of National Geographic highlights a main story that is entitled â€Å"Sugar (A Not so Sweet Love Story)†. The accompanying investigation will try to crash the conversation and outline of the examination which the creator performs. It is the expectation of this understudy such a synopsis will be valuable in encouraging not exclusively to comprehend the key purposes of the creators contention yet in addition concerning using these understandings and solutions for a superior life and a general reduction in the degree of corpulence and wellbeing impacts that the utilization of an excessive amount of sugar has been attached to. Right off the bat, the creator follows the historical backdrop of how sugar came to be acquainted with the West and in this manner the rest of the world. As with such a significant number of creations and advancement in mankind's history, the spread of Empire was at last the vehicles through which the majority of the world came to coordinate with the utilization of sugar. The writer shows that period victors were the first to spread a mindfulness and gratefulness for sugar and the terrains that they won. In contrasting with the spread of sugar tossing paint at a fan, the writer examines the path through which an energy about refined sugar and the methods through which it tends to be added to consider dishes to be fixings as a methods for making things more delectable, the writer focuses to how the spread of sugar into the West was first prove around 500 B.C.E. him starting here, sugar creation spread into a significant part of the Western world and was consolidated into the eating re gimen of people; yet to an a lot lesser degree that it is inside the current time.

Research critique in ventilator associated pneumonea free essay sample

Ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP), characterized as pneumonia happening 48 72 hours after endotracheal intubation, is the most widely recognized and lethal nosocomial disease of concentrated consideration. Hazard factors incorporate both weakened host invulnerability and the presentation of an endotracheal tube, which adds to the improvement of VAP in the fundamentally sick patient. VAP is related with expanded mortality and horribleness, expanded span of mechanical ventilation, delayed emergency unit medical clinic remain, and expanded expense of hospitalization. Both the Centers for Disease Control Guidelines and Pugin’s Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) rules note that diagnosing VAP requires a blend of clinical signs, debilitated gas trade, radiological changes and positive microscopy to separate a scene of VAP from simple colonization. In an asset tied condition, semi-quantitative investigation of examples acquired using a non-obtrusive testing procedure is a satisfactory alternative. Explicit rules have been created to both forestall VAP and treat it properly at the earliest opportunity. We will compose a custom paper test on Research study in ventilator related pneumonea or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The rules give focused on systems, while extra administration of VAP incorporates the arrangement of basic consideration, psychosocial support, ventilatory help, enteral taking care of and significant prescription including profound vein apoplexy prophylaxis, and the avoidance of intricacies. The Care Bundle approach offers an interventional device to actualize methodologies explicitly coordinated to the anticipation of VAP and the assistance of a group way to deal with improving its clinical administration. The proof accessible presents a solid contention to consider a group way to deal with diminishing the rate of VAP in our own basic consideration units. Ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP), characterized as pneumonia happening 48 72 hours after endotracheal intubation, remains the most widely recognized and deadly nosocomial emergency unit disease among precisely ventilated patients. 1-3 Each scene of VAP brings about expanded ICU and medical clinic remain and expanded expense of treatment per persistent. VAP isn't especially specific, and any patient precisely ventilated for 48 hours is in danger of building up a scene. Patients (grown-ups, youngsters and neonates) who are fundamentally sick and can't keep up their own respiratory capacity satisfactorily, or have an undermined aviation route, need a fake aviation route to give ventilatory help and to leeway of emissions. The signs for endotracheal intubation to encourage mechanical ventilation to give sufficient oxygenation and respiratory help might be either pneumonic or non-aspiratory, and in this way incorporate injury, careful (crisis or elective), and clinical Prevention. indd 44 patients. The outcomes of VAP warrant endeavors to actualize anticipation techniques and deal with every scene successfully. Ventilator-related pneumonia Definition Pneumonia is characterized as irritation of the lung parenchyma brought about by disease. 3 VAP is characterized as pneumonia happening 48 72 hours after endotracheal intubation. 3 VAP is in this manner likewise a nosocomial disease, I. e. a disease that creates 48 hours after a patient has been admitted to an emergency clinic or medicinal services office. 4 The present characterization conspire for pneumonia as delineated by the American Thoracic Society Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Pneumonia alludes to nosocomial pneumonia as hospitalacquired pneumonia (HAP), which incorporates both 11/16/09 9:05:29 AM VAP and medicinal services related pneumonia (HCAP). 3 Both are clinically and microbiologically particular from network procured pneumonia (CAP). VAP is additionally characterized as beginning stage VAP (happening 38 °C with no other perceived reason) †¢ Leucopenia (240 or ARDS †¢ ? 240 and no proof of ARDS 0 2 Pulmonary radiograph †¢ No penetrate †¢ Diffuse (or inconsistent) invades †¢ Localized invade 0 1 2 Tracheal emissions Score* †¢ 500 band structures November 2009, Vol. 25, No. 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 Culture of tracheal suction (semi-quantitative: 0 1 2 or 3+) †¢ Pathogenic microbes refined, insignificant or no development †¢ Pathogenic microscopic organisms refined, moderate or more development M †¢ oderate or more prominent development of pathogenic microbes predictable with that seen on unique Gram stain Total score of 6 focuses recommends VAP 47 0 1 2 Total *Score determined by measuring measure of tracheal emissions on an abstract 0 4 scale on numerous occasions every day, at that point adding all the patient’s scores for the afternoon. The board and treatment Given the hazard, frequency, expanded expenses and inferable mortality, measures ought to be utilized to forestall VAP where conceivable. This is especially significant in creating nations, where VAP represents the most serious hazard to patients, with the occurrence estimated at 41% and the rough death rate at 44. 9%. 14 Antibiotic treatment remains the backbone of treating VAP and ought to be started at the earliest opportunity once the patient has been conceded, the clinical determination suspected and the necessary examples gathered. The decision of anti-toxin/s is controlled by singular patient hazard factors, the institutional pathogens and explicit antibiograms. 3 The procedure ought to be as per convention and as a rule includes starting empiric expansive range spread in the basically sick patient, which is balanced and ideally de-heightened once the causative pathogen has been sufficiently recognized and the suitable affectability tests performed. Lacking or deferred beginning antimicrobial Prevention. indd 47 treatment has been related with expanded mortality,15 and ought to subsequently be explicitly focused in the institutional convention. Basically sick patients require intravenous anti-infection agents. Eight days of anti-infection treatment has been demonstrated to be powerful in treating most instances of VAP, with cases brought about by a non-aging Gram-negative bacillus, for example, Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter being special cases and requiring longer length of treatment. 3,16 various proof based rules have been created as of late to guide clinical practice trying to improve understanding consideration, and specifically care of the basically sick. Explicit rules have been created to both forestall VAP and treat it properly at the earliest opportunity. 17-21 The rules give focused on systems, while extra administration of VAP incorporates the arrangement of fundamental consideration, psychosocial support, ventilatory help, enteral taking care of, significant drug including deepvein apoplexy prophylaxis, and the counteraction of 11/16/09 9:05:30 AM November 2009, Vol. 25, No. 2 SAJCC entanglements. A site titled VAPAWAY is committed to look into and the avoidance of VAP, and gives access to pertinent data at www. vapaway. com. 22 The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) in the USA has built up the Ventilator Care Bundle to address VAP as a major aspect of their Preventing Harm to 5 Million Lives Camapaign. 23 48 Care of the ventilated patient Strategies to forestall VAP: Recommendations3,17 VAP is preventable, and certain practices have been shown to diminish its rate and its related weight of ailment. 17 Prevention of VAP is conceivable using proof based techniques expected to limit endotracheal intubation, the span of mechanical ventilation, and the danger of desire of oropharyngeal pathogens. 3 Modifiable hazard factors require understanding and pragmatic usage. The tremendous measure of research discoveries are regularly overpowering and clashing. Having the information incorporated into proof based clinical practice rules (CPGs) by a dependable gathering of multidisciplinary basic consideration clinicians, (for example, the Canadian Critical Care Society and Canadian Clinical Trials Group) improves the openness of solid proof for application in clinical practice. Rules can improve the procedures, results and expenses of basic consideration. 17 Successful usage requires a group approach that grasps a functioning methodology to improve understanding consideration, investment by all colleagues, intermittent audit of rules and a nonstop procedure to impact change in conduct where required. Actualizing clinical practice rules The IHI in the US perceived a need to lessen preventable blunders after the arrival of the Institute of Medicine’s 1999 report on social insurance related mistakes. 29 The 100,000 Lives Campaign propelled by the IHI in 2004 produced an extraordinary pledge to change and coordinated effort over the US medicinal services industry, prompted the dispatch of a comparative program in the UK, viz. the Saving Lives Campaign,30 and prompted the development of the IHI program to turn into the Protecting 5 Million Lives from Harm Campaign in 2006. 23 The battle is a national exertion focused at diminishing preventable passings in US medical clinics, and shielding patients from destructive occasions that frequently have enduring impacts. Clinical damage is characterized as ‘unintended physical injury coming about because of or added to by clinical consideration (counting the nonappearance of showed clinical treatment), that requires extra observing, treatment or hospitalization, or that outcomes in death. Such injury is viewed as mischief whether it is viewed as preventable, came about because of a clinical blunder, or happened inside an emergency clinic. ’24 The activity has prompted new gauges of care being created and the execution of important research discoveries at the bedside. The Ventilator Care Bundle The Ventilator Care Bundle is one of the six key projects of the first battle and comprises of ‘a arrangement of (proof based) mediations identified with ventilator care, that when actualized together, will accomplish essentially preferable results over when I

Follies 2014 Coming Soon COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Follies 2014 Coming Soon COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Hello everybody! We (the Admissions PA’s) wanted to share a little bit of what is going on at SIPA right now. As you might have read in the news, the weather has been ruthless this winter and we were covered in snow for a few days. Not fun. But despite all of this, and the fact that we almost froze on the way to school, we are all here ready to enjoy the semester! One of the most beloved SIPA traditions is SIPA Follies, an annual variety show of skits, songs, and parodies, organized  by second year students depicting  life at SIPA with lots of humor. Some students think of it as the “alternative” to class presentations and it is an opportunity to let loose for a bit. Some of the skits are so scandalous that they are never put online! (#WishIwaskidding). Of course, you can have a taste of one of the more “appropriate” ones here ?? Last year, Follies was superb and set very high standards. This year, we are ALL up for the challenge and in order to make this year’s Follies even more amazing,  students will auction ethnic dinners, private yoga classes, salsa nights, and even half- marathon training. Even some professors have offered up some of their time to be offered on the auction block. See? Everyone at SIPA is committed to support the cause: For a better and more hilarious Follies in 2014!

Wishes to Write on a Chinese New Year Lantern

Chinese New Year includes two weeks of celebration with most activities taking place on just three days: New Years Eve, New Years Day, and Lantern Festival, which is celebrated on the last day of Chinese New Year. Heres what you should know about the Lantern Festival, including the symbolism of the celebration and which characters to write on your own lantern to wish in Chinese. What Is the Chinese New Year Lantern Festival? Every year, on the last day of Chinese New Year, families from Taiwan to China place colorful lanterns outside their homes and launch them into the night sky. Each lantern corresponds to a particular wish the family has for the new year, with the colors  having various meanings. For example, sending off a red lantern represents a wish for good fortune, while orange symbolizes money and white symbolizes good health. There are many stories about why this festival takes places. For example, in one of the origin legends, Emperor Qinshihuang, the first emperor to unite China, held the first Lantern Festival to ask Taiyi, the ancient god of heaven, for health and good weather. In another of these legends, which is rooted in Taoism, the Lantern Festival was first put on to celebrate the birthday of Tianguan, the god of good fortune. Other explanations center around the Jade Emperor, and a maid named Yuan Xiao. Wish in Chinese: What to Write on Your Lantern The festival has changed a lot over the years. Simple handheld paper lanterns have been replaced with elaborate  colorful lanterns of all shapes and sizes. But the tradition of sending wishes to be granted into the sky has remained. Many revelers enjoy writing riddles or wishes on the lanterns before sending them airborne. Here are some examples of what you may want to write on your own lantern, include the Chinese symbols and pronunciation. Onward and upward:  Ã¦ ­ ¥Ã¦ ­ ¥Ã© «ËœÃ¦Ëœâ€¡ (bà ¹ bà ¹ gÄ oshÄ“ng)Good health:  Ã¨ º «Ã© «â€Ã¥  ¥Ã¥ º · (shÄ“ntÇ  jià  nkÄ ng)All wishes come true:  Ã¥ ¿Æ'æÆ' ³Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¦Ë†  (xÄ «n xiÇŽng shà ¬ chà ©n)Be happy and carry laughter all the time:  Ã§ ¬â€˜Ã¥  £Ã¥ ¸ ¸Ã©â€"‹ (xià  o kÇ’u chà ¡ng kÄ i)Business will grow and get better:  Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¦ ¥ ­Ã¨â€™ ¸Ã¨â€™ ¸Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¤ ¸Å Ã©â€"‹ (shà ¬yà ¨ zhÄ“ng zhÄ“ngrà ¬ shà  ngkÄ i)Everything will be lucky and go smoothly:  Ã¨  ¬Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ â€° (wà  nshà ¬dà  jà ­)Things will happen as you wish:  Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦â€ž Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥ ¿Æ'æÆ' ³Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¦Ë†  (shà ¬ shà ¬ rà ºyà ¬, xÄ «n xiÇŽng shà ¬ chà ©ng)Pass an entrance exam and get enrolled in a school:  Ã©â€¡â€˜Ã¦ ¦Å"é ¡Å'Ã¥   (jÄ «nbÇŽng tà ­mà ­ng)Harmonious family and prosperous life:  Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¥â€™Å'è  ¬Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¨Ë†Ë† (jiÄ  hà © wà  nshà ¬ xÄ «ng)Work smoothly:  Ã¥ · ¥Ã¤ ½Å"é  â€ Ã¥Ë† © (gÃ… ngzuà ² shà ¹nlà ¬)Quickly find Mr. Right:  Ã¦â€" ©Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦â€° ¾Ã¥Ë† °Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦â€ž Ã©Æ'Žå â€º (zÇŽorà ¬ zhÇŽodà  o rà ºyà ¬ là ¡ng jÃ… «n)Make a fortune:  Ã¨ ³ ºÃ©Å' ¢Ã§â„¢ ¼Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¨ ² ¡ (zhuà  nqià ¡n fÄ  dà   cà ¡i) Whatever your wish, Chinese New Year can be a wonderful opportunity to set the tone for the year ahead.

The Right Side Of History The Civil Rights Movement

On the Right Side of History: The Civil Rights Movement Open for interpretation, freedom is one of the most resonating and powerful words to Americans. The word ‘freedom’ has been utilized as a tool for social justice; however, due to its versatility, it may also be used as a weapon of destruction. When history is examined, it is often true that one man’s ‘freedom’ is another man’s oppression. Systematic institutionalization of the ideology that race was anything more than a social construct helped prolong the oppression of America’s black community past slavery which transformed into segregation. The strict enforcement of segregation prohibited the potentially beneficial learning experiences which occur during cross-cultural interactions. Unfortunately, the criminalization of even nonviolent actions resulted in the imprisoning and murders of segregation proponents. The following paragraphs will be an analysis of Rosa Parks, Martin Luthe r King Jr., William Gadsden, and Rubin Stacy and their impacts on history, captured forever in photographs. Arrested for not giving up her seat to a white male, Rosa Parks initiated the civil rights movement without the use of violence (Shi Mayer, 320). Claiming that her feet were tired, this reason should be taken in both as literally and figuratively. Not only were Rosa Parks tired from working, but she was also tired of the institutionalized racism and oppression within the Jim Crow South (Foner, 758). When Parks was taken in forShow MoreRelatedThe Era Of Freedom : A Generation After The Emancipation Proclamation1599 Words   |  7 Pagesevery African Americans across the U.S. The Civil Rights Movement, a movement to sees the cruelty that every African American faced on a daily bases, was one of the greatest events that took a step into a direction that no one would ve imagined during the 1950s. Many activist made themselves known during the movement, activists such as Martin Luther King Jr. Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, just to name a few, were key players in the advancement of the moveme nt, but who was responsible for the being theRead MoreEssay on The Civil War: A Women’s Time to Shine1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War was a defining point for the United States. The people of America were forced to step back and reevaluate what defined the American Citizen: a person with the rights and privilege to cast a vote for what or who he believes in. The key word here is â€Å"he†. The Civil War brought freedom and rights to African Americans, yet it had no directly positive effect on women’s rights. While African Americans were seeing their lives and futures change, to many observers the women’s rights movementRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1547 Words   |  7 PagesFlorida SouthWestern State College The Women’s Rights Movement What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention on the Women’s Rights Movement? Jennifer Flores AMH2010 Mr. Stehlin 16 November 2015 The Women’s Rights Movement began in 1848 with the first assembly of women and men gathering to discuss the civil, social, and other conditions of women. The Seneca Falls Convention was the start of the women’s movement. The two women who organized this event were Lucretia Mott andRead More`` Blood Done Sign My Name `` By Timothy B. Tyson1409 Words   |  6 PagesEvery American history class addresses the civil rights movement. Yet, author Timothy B. Tyson, in his novel Blood Done Sign My Name, specifically discusses the use of violence in this well-known movement. As a way to draw attention, many groups turn to acts of violence to attempt to rectify social injustice. Although violence may not directly change a negative situation, it indirectly helped the civil rights movement by drawing attention to the rising racial conflicts in Oxford, North Carolina,Read MoreThe Impacts Of Bob Dylan And The Civil Rights Movement939 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1960s were a time of gr eat protest, public opinion, freedom for music, invention, and racism. In America in 1960 the Civil Rights Movement was underway and the Vietnam War had already been going on for 5 years, where approximately 900 American troops were already serving. The 1960s produced some of the greatest musical artists seen in history, and one in particular was Bob Dylan. Bob Dylan is thought to be one of the greatest influence on popular culture in all time, and is one of the main andRead MoreThe Black Power Movement And The Civil Rights Movement1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Power movement began towards to the of the Civil Rights Era. The Black Power Movement began in the 1950s and 1960s, many African Americans grew tired of the ineffective, peaceful protests so they turned to violence. Although it was not a formal movement and it contributed to a big turning point in history. The goal of the Black Power movement was to gain equal rights with whites. Even though it was violent many people thought it was necessary to the equal rights African Americans deservedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement1204 Words   |  5 PagesVictims Frustration In general, historians will have us believe that the fight for Civil Rights was one fought in the South. While this is predominately so, there were still people to the North and West that needed representation during this struggle. The situation in the South mainly revolved around the reluctance of local authorities to follow the national legislature after the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision. Black Power became synonymous with urban riots in Harlem, DetroitRead MoreThe White Race And Its Heroes1623 Words   |  7 PagesPrimary Source Analysis: Cleaver, E. â€Å"The White Race and Its Heroes.† in Souls on Ice, 65-83. New York: Dell Press, 1968. Journalist, civil rights activist and criminal are some of the connotations attached to Eldridge Cleaver; a prominent figure of the radical shift in the civil rights movement during the 1960s and early 1970s. Cleaver spent a majority of his upbringing in youth reform schools and prisons within the state of California, which as evidence will show, affected greatly upon his workRead MoreA Stone Of Hope : Prophetic Religion And The Death Of Jim Crow786 Words   |  4 Pagesface of the National Civil Rights Movement delivered, arguably, the most renowned and recited speech of the past sixty years. The infamous ‘I Have a Dream’ speech. In this historic moment, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr famously stated, â€Å"he was going back to the South with faith that his people could hew a stone of hope from a mountain of despair.† (1) An effort considered by many to be the greatest, most successful social movement in our nation’s history, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s-60s usheredRead MoreThe Civil Right Movement : History1705 Words   |  7 Pages The Civil Right Movement History can be absurd and sometimes can illustrate great accomplishment by great people. Why history is so important and significant to today’s society? It is something that people require to know about the pass and not remaking those same type of mistake again. Hence, history helps the world to understand changes and how the past causes the present to be the way it is in today’s society. Though the United States became a country with a rich foundation and great accomplishment

The Lovely Bones By Alice Sebold - 834 Words

Chilling through and through, The Lovely Bones, by Alice Sebold, is a tale of both murder and growth, and, more so, the latter after the former. Introduced, quite bluntly, within the very first two lines of the novel, readers meet the narrator, â€Å"Salmon, like the fish; first name, Susie. . . murdered [at age 14] on December 6, 1973† (1). Susie, brutally raped and killed by a foul, twisted serial killer by the name of Mr. Harvey, is now giving the audience an eerie, psychologically thrilling recountal on the lives of those she once knew who continue to live. In a fascinating twist, Sebold has Susie go into detailed aspects of Mr. Harvey’s life, past, and the nature of his corruption. Although humans are not inherently or entirely benevolent or malevolent creatures from birth, one can see how the nurture of a human directly influences their qualities as seen through Mr. Harvey’s characterization and development. Before meeting Mr. Harvey, Susie enlightens the audience with a few facts about the murderer. For instance, that her â€Å"mother liked his border flowers†, and that he â€Å"believed in old-fashioned things like eggshells and coffee grounds, which â€Å"he said his own mother had used† (6). For the lead-in of a character who has repeatedly committed the most heinous of crimes, he is depicted, oddly enough, with some aspects of humanity. Later on in the novel, dredging up old memories, Susie observes and conveys the traumatizing childhood of Mr. Harvey. Doing so, Sebold, in an attemptShow MoreRelated`` Lovely Bones `` By Alice Sebold1400 Words   |  6 Pagesby the living, but many people seem acutely aware of something changed around them† (Sebold 94). In the novel, â€Å"Lovely Bones†, by Alice Sebold, the author illustrates the descriptions of the protagonist’s, Susie Salmon, a fourteen year old, after her death and her relation with the living. Susie was brutally hurt and killed from a new neighbor, Mr. Harvey, who was never discovered for his numerous crimes. Sebold presents various settings where the protagonist, Susie Salmon, initiates to adjust withRead MoreThe Lovely Bones By Alice Sebold1766 Words   |  8 PagesThe Lovely Bones (2002) by Alice Sebold, details the rape and murder of 14-year old Susie Salmon, and the various grief reactions of her family and friends. John Bowlby (Worden 2009) developed the Attachment Theory to describe humanity’s need to form attachments to each other, and the effects of breaking those bonds. When those bonds are broken, the resulting psychological response is grief. In Funeral Psychology and Counseling, Ralph Klicker (2007) discusses the absence of â€Å"rules† in the grievingRead MoreThe Lovely Bones By Alice Sebold1861 Words   |  8 PagesIn Alice Sebold’s novel, The Lovely Bones, the Salmon family learns that their fourteen year old daughter, Susie Salmon, has been raped and murdered. Because of this her father, Jack, sister, Lindsey, and mother, Abigail, all go through their own respective journeys in order to accept this ordeal. During this time of grievance for Susie’s family, her father, Jack, believes that the person responsible for the murder of his daughter is his neighbour, a man named George Harvey, and reports this to detectiveRead MoreThe Lovely Bones By Alice Sebold1122 Words   |  5 Pagesthink of the situation and they do not want to believe it. A person in denial will act differently than someone who is not. They may not speak much, zone out often, and will not make themselves presentable when going out into public. Alice Sebold wrote The Lovely Bones, which was a book about a 14 year old girl, Susie, who was murdered on her way home from school by her neighbor. Her entire family experienced grief from the tragic death. Susie watched down on her family from heaven, and saw her momRead MoreThe Lovely Bones by A lice Sebold1231 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast of the remediation of Novels to film with reference to The Lovely Bones. The Lovely Bones is a 2002 novel by Alice Sebold about a teenage girl called Susie Salmon, a 14 year old girl who was raped and murdered by her neighbour George Harvey in 1973. She then watches from her own personal Heaven as her family and friends struggle to move on with their lives while she comes to terms with her own death. We follow Susie Salmon throughout the story as she witnesses the events onRead MoreThe Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold1181 Words   |  5 Pagesdesire, where that special someone suffered and became a victim of a cruel, mysterious murder. Was the murder itself quick or was it revolting and brutal? Susie Salmon was a victim of a crime that should not be forgiven. In the novel The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold, Susie’s past on earth affected people that took part in her life because the past was all that they had of her. Memories of or with Susie were treasured; however, they were also feared by the one who killed Susie’s future. Out of everybodyRead MoreThe Lovely Bones By Alice Sebold1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe book I chose for my 4th quarter book report is The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold. This book contained 352 pages of breathtaking and descriptive writing. The book is classified as a fiction but as a subcategory would fall under modern criminal. The books protagonist is Suzie Salmon, age 14, who is brutally raped and killed. She is struggling with the acceptance of her death and the pain that follows her emotionally to the afterlife. She learns saying goodbye to her love ones is the hardest partRead MoreEssay about The Lovely Bones, by Alice Sebold1264 Words   |  6 PagesRole Mother? Role model? Motherhood? The death of a loved one can result in a trauma where the painful experience causes a psychological scar. Alice Sebold’s The Lovely Bones explores the different ways in which people process grief when they lose a loved one. When young Susie Salmon is killed on her way home from school, the remaining four members of her family all deal differently with their grief. After Susie’s death, her mother, Abigail Salmon, endures the adversity of losing her daughter, herRead MoreEssay on Analysis of the Novel The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold743 Words   |  3 Pageswere the lovely bones that had grown around my absence: the connections - sometimes tenuous, sometimes made at great cost, but often magnificent - that happened after I was gone. And I began to see things in a way that let me hold the world without me in it. The events that my death wrought were merely the bones of a body that would become whole at some unpredictable time in the future. The price of what I came to see as this miraculous body had been my life.† In the novel The Lovely Bones writtenRead MoreMystic River by Dennis Lehane and The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe novels, Mystic River by Dennis Lehane and The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold, include many different elements of the psychoanalytical theory. According to Sigmund Freud, the psychoanalytic theory explains the reasoning behind personality disorders through one’s conscious and unconscious mind (Psychoanalytic Criticism). This theory also states the idea that things that happen to people during childhood can contribute to the way one later functions as an adult (Psychoanalytic Criticism). Both novels

Emily Dickinsons Success Is Counted Sweetest Criticism free essay sample

It is obviously seen that the message of the poem is that people who do not succeed are those who truly understand success for what it is (Cummings, 2013). In other words, deprivation can lead to greater understanding and appreciation of what people lack. This paper is composed of three points including how the unity of the paradoxical idea of the poem is presented, how the poem can be viewed historically and biographically in feminist aspects, and how the central idea of the poem is responded. The Unity of the Paradoxical Idea in the Poem A paradoxical idea appeared in the first stanza of the poem seems to be effectively united since the illustration is clearly demonstrated. The paradoxical idea is that those who do not succeed will understand the joy of success more than those who have tasted success. It is implied that the sweetness also requires people to experience the „sorest need? which is in fact, its opposite. We will write a custom essay sample on Emily Dickinsons Success Is Counted Sweetest Criticism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To illustrate, the paradoxical idea in the first stanza is attested by the image of a battle in the last two stanzas. Like „the sorest need? to taste the nectar, the victors or the „purple Host who took the flag? cannot understand the true meaning of a victory. They do not fully comprehend the value of victory. However, the „defeated, dying? soldiers actually do. The image of the paradox in the last two stanzas is similar to the idea of the first one. Thus, the paradoxical idea seems to effectively convey the underlying meaning of the whole poem. In other words, the paradoxical ideas in the poem are successfully arranged in unity. Women’s Viewpoint Based on Historical and Biographical Knowledge According to historical and biographical background of the poet, the poem reflects to feminist movements in the middle of 19th century. After researching for the poet? s biography and historical events at that time, it seems that the poem represents the desire of women of that time for equality with men. To begin with, the use of the word nectar? along with the word sweet? in the first stanza implies femininity. It can be assumed that there is a message from a woman? s point of view. According to history and her biography, Emily Dickinson had modernist ideas that women should have as equal rights as men which they did not have at that time. In fact, women, especially wives, were treated as the slaves of men in the eyes of the law even though women can do several duties that men cannot. Therefore, women started to work and to express their voice. (Leiter, 2007). This background knowledge can be understood to explain when success „to comprehend a nectar? changes to „victory? in the last two stanzas. The image of a battle which causes physical and mental pain to the defeated soldiers (men) is mentioned as „agonized.? It is clear that even though men are strong, they still have weaknesses as shown in the image of losing the battle. It is showed that both genders have weaknesses. Therefore, both of them should be equal. This feminist idea is considered to be a dominant one during Emily? s lifetime. The Response to the Central Idea of the Poem After reading the first stanza, the central idea of the poem seems absolutely right to me. The whole poem captivates my attention to realize the value of what I am deprived. It can be said that people who never achieve anything will consider those things very important and more valuable than those who have already had them. It is similar to the feeling of the sport players who always lose to their opponents, the students who fail to study in a college or a university they long for, or those who lack money to sustain their lives. All of them acknowledge the true meaning or importance of what they lack. Like the „defeated, dying? soldiers in the poem, they have never obtained the opportunity to taste the victory for which they yearn. It seems to me that this idea can be applied to use in daily life in order to enhance the attempt to succeed everything and to realize the importance of what we have. In conclusion, the poem represents the idea that deprivation can lead to greater understanding and appreciation of what we lack and of the benefits of success. The poem was effectively written in unity by using the paradoxical idea. In addition, the poem can reflect ideas of women? movements for equality based on historical and biological background of the poet. The poem is also captivated me as a reader and can be adapted to use for everyday life as well.

Response to Classmates’ contribution an Example by

Response to Classmates’ contribution to Hinduism and Chinese Art Abstract Need essay sample on "Response to Classmates contribution to Hinduism and Chinese Art" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed My appreciation for and understanding of Hinduism and Chinese Art increased manifold when I read the comments of my classmates on Hinduism and Chinese Art. The oldest religion, Hinduism, is a combination of many beliefs and philosophies coming together and manifesting in the worship of many forms of Gods and Goddesses. From the commentary of my classmates, I also realized that the Chinese Art, one of the oldest, remains refreshingly new even today. The intricate designs and combination of colors is a feast to the eye. Our Customers Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: Can somebody complete my type essay? Click On Order Button And Get Ready To Be Amazed Hinduism The description of Traditional Hinduism exhibit in Smithsonians Sackler and Freer galleries in the words of my classmates, is very enlightening. Though I heard about Hinduism earlier, it is the first time that I have read and understood more about it. It is the worlds oldest and the third largest religion. It was born in India and originated from numerous religious beliefs and philosophies. The religion is based on the idea of reincarnation, or coming back in a different life form. In Hinduism they believe in polytheism, the term commonly used to describe the worship of or belief in more than one deity, especially several deities. I was intrigued with the number of gods and goddesses within Hindu religion. In my reading the numbers is in excess of three hundred million. Why is there a need for all these gods and goddesses? The different gods and goddesses represent different functions. Based on what an individual needed assistance with he or she would pray to that god or goddess. The most supreme of these gods and goddesses is Brahman, the Supreme Cosmic Spirit; known as the Absolute God of Hinduism. Some of the other gods include Devi, the divine female also known as the Mother of Goodness. Ganesha the beloved elephant face deity that clears all obstacles; Shiva the Destroyer, and Vishnu, the all prevailing, the protector of the world and the restorer of moral order. The history and practice of Hinduism is rather interesting and a religion that I would like to investigate further. Chinese Art My classmates written contribution on Chinese Art was quite an eye opener and makes me want to see these articles in person! One of the things that immediately appealed to me was the diversity of the materials they used. They ranged from jades, to bronzes, to ceramic, lacquer and even glass. I could easily compare my own observations of Chinese Art used in various types of artwork such as sculptures, dishes, furniture and paintings. They seemed to range from everyday common uses to showpiece designs. It was evident that many of these articles were works of art even during the time they were created. Once I saw the artwork, I immediately compared the Chinese artisans to other cultures and civilizations and felt they created more beautiful and intricate artwork than some of the other civilizations of their time. It also appeared that they made efforts to employ various techniques in the use of the materials they worked with. This led me to wonder if they were indeed a more advanced civilization than others around the world. The Chinese Art looks just as beautiful now as it did thousands of years ago. Many objects have withstood the test of time and we are fortunate to have many of these pieces available for our enjoyment and wonderment. I agree with the contributions of my classmates on Hinduism and Chinese Art. References Smithsonian Institution(2008). What are the basic beliefs of Hinduism. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from http://www.asia.si.edu/ Smithsonian Institution(2008). Chinese Art. Retrieved May 1, 2008.

A Glossary of Weather Words for German Learners

A Glossary of Weather Words for German Learners Whether you plan to travel to Germany or simply want to better understand the language, learning the German words for weather conditions can be helpful. Discussing the weather is a way to make small talk with strangers. Learning German weather words can also help planning your travels easier. Youll know to avoid rainy days and other bad weather conditions.   This English-German glossary of weather terms can get you started. Once youve reviewed the terms, consider making flashcards featuring the words (and their English counterparts) to better retain them.   A air  e Luft air pressure  r LuftdruckNote:  In Europe and most of the world outside the U.S., barometric pressure is measured in hectopascals (hPa), formerly millibars, not in inches of mercury. In the International System (SI) of measurements, the unit of pressure is the Pascal, named after Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), the French scientist and philosopher who made important discoveries about air pressure. Normal air pressure at  sea level  (MSL, NN) is 1013.25 hPa or 29.92 inches of mercury. To convert between inches of mercury and hectopascals/millibars, one millibar (hPa) is equal to 0.02953 inches of mercury. aloft  hoch droben anemometer  r Windmesser atmosphere  e Atmosphre aurora borealis  s Nordlicht, (nà ¶rdliches)  Polarlicht autumn, fall  r Herbst B balmy  sanft,  lindbalmy breezes  sanfte Brisen,  linde Là ¼fte barometer  r Barometer barometric pressure  r Luftdruck black ice  s Glatteis breeze  e Brise  (-n) breezy  windig,  luftig bright  heiter C ceiling  e Wolkenhà ¶he Celsius   changeable, variable  vernderlich,  wechselhaft chilly  kà ¼hl,  frostigI feel chilly.  Mir ist kà ¼hl. chinook wind  r Fà ¶hn  (-e) der Fà ¶hn:  This warm, dry, alpine wind issimilar to a chinook wind. The wordFà ¶hn  can also refer to an electricblow-dryer for hair.More wind: See  tradewind/r Passatand  sirocco/r Scirocco. clear  heiter,  klar,  wolkenlos climatology  e Klimatologie cloud  e Wolke  (-n)cumulus cloud  e Kumuluswolke cloudburst  r Platzregen  (-)sudden downpour  r Platzregen cloudy  bewà ¶lkt,  wolkig cold  adj.  kaltvery cold  sehr kaltcold, coldness  n.  e Klte cool(er)  kà ¼hl  (-er)somewhat cooler  etwas kà ¼hler cumulonimbus (cloud)  r Kumulonimbus cumulus (cloud)  r Kumulus cyclone  r Zyklon  (-en) D damp  feucht  (-n) degree  r Grad10 degrees Celsius  10 Grad Celsius  (50F) dew point  r Taupunkt  (-e) downpour  r Platzregen  (-)cloudburst  r Platzregen drizzle  n.  r Nieselregen,  r Sprà ¼hregendrizzle  v.  nieseln  (-se) drizzly  Niesel-drizzly weather  s Nieselwetter drought  e Dà ¼rre,  e Dà ¼rrekatastrophe  (-n) dry  adj.  trocken dryness  e Trockenheit dry spell  e Trockenperiode dull, gloomy  dà ¼ster,  trà ¼b dust  r Staub dust devil  kleiner Wirbelsturm  (-stà ¼rme) dusty  staubig E east  r Ost(en)in the east  im Osten easterly  adj.  Ost-,  Ãƒ ¶stlichan easterly wind  ein Ostwind easterly  n.  r Ostwindeasterlies  die Ostwinde eye  n.  s Auge  (-n)eye of the hurricane  s Auge des Orkans F Fahrenheit   fair  adj.  heiter,  schà ¶n fall, autumn  r Herbst flood  n.  e Flut,  s Hochwasser,  e ÃÅ"berschwemmungflood  v.  Ãƒ ¼berschwemmen flooding  e ÃÅ"berschwemmung fog  r Nebel foggy  neblig,  nebelig forecast  n.  e Voraussage  (-n),  e Vorhersage  (-n),  e Prognose  (-n)a short-range forecast  eine Kurzfristvorhersage forecast  v.  voraussagen,  vorhersagen forecaster  r Meteorloge  (-n),  e Meteorlogin  (-nen) freeze  v.  frieren freezing  unter null freezing point  r Gefrierpunkt freezing rain  r gefrorene Regen,  r Graupel  (sleet) fresh  frisch front  r Frontcold front  e Kaltfront frost (hoarfrost), rime  r Reif,  r Raureif,  r Frost frosty  frostigcovered with frost  von Raureif bedeckt G gale  r Sturm  (wind)gale force winds  orkanartige Windegale warnings  e Sturmwarnung gloomy, dull  dà ¼ster,  trà ¼b gradual(ly)  allmhlich greenhouse effect  r Treibhausekkekt gust, squall  e Bà ¶e  (-n)gusts up to 40 mph  Bà ¶en bis zu 60 h/km  (Stundenkilometer) H hail  n.  r Hagel,  r Graupel  (soft hail)hail  v.  hageln,  graupelnIts hailing.  Es hagelt.hail damage  r Hagelschadenhailstone  r Hagelkorn  (-kà ¶rner)hailstorm  r Hagelsturm  (-stà ¼rme) halo (around moon/sun)  r Halo,  r Hof haze  n.  r Dunsthazy  dunstig hectopascal (hPa)  s Hektopascal  (-)Unit of measure for barometric pressure. See note under  air pressure  above and the Wetterlexikon. high (pressure)  s Hoch,  r Hochdruckbarometric pressure over 1015 hPa  Luftdruck von mehr als 1015 hPa high (temperature)  e Hà ¶chsttemperatur  (-en)daytime highs  die Tagestemperaturen hot  heiß humid  feucht,  schwà ¼l  (muggy) humidity  e Luftfeuchte,  e Luftfeuchtigkeit hurricane  r Hurrikan  (-e),  r Orkan  (-e) I ice  n.  s Eisblack ice  s Glatteis ice-cold  adj.  eiskalt icy  adj.  eisig,  frostig inversion  e Inversion,  e Temperaturumkehr isobar  e Isobare J jet stream  der Jetstream K kilobar (kb)   s Kilobar  (metric unit of pressure) knot   r Knoten  (wind speed) L lingering  adj.  Ã‚  zurà ¼ckbleibend lightning   r Blitz  Ã‚   Theres lightning.  Es blitzt. low (pressure)   s Tief,  r Tiefdruck  Ã‚   barometric pressure under 1015 hPa  Luftdruck von weniger als 1015 hPa low-temperature  e Tiefsttemperatur  (-en) M mercury   s Quecksilber meteorologist   r Meteorloge,  e Meteorlogin meteorology   e Meteorlogie,  e Wetterkunde mild   mild,  leicht,  sanft millibar   s Millibar milliliter   r Milliliter millimeter   r Millimetter  (precipitation)  Ã‚   Berlin: Niederschlagsmengen - die Jahressumme betrgt 590 mm. (Berlin: Precipitation - the annual total amounts to 590 mm.) In Hamburg fallen im Jahresdurchschnitt 715 mm Niederschlag. (About 715 mm of average annual precipitation falls in Hamburg.) - 100 mm 3.97 in. monsoon   r Monsun  Ã‚   monsoon rains   r Monsunregen moon   r Mond N nice   schà ¶n north   r Nord(en)  Ã‚   in the north   im Norden  Ã‚   northerly   Nord-,  nà ¶rdlich  Ã‚   northerly wind   r Nordwind O occasional (showers, etc.)   gelegentlich,  ab und zu oppressive (heat)   drà ¼ckend,  schwà ¼l ozone   s Ozon  Ã‚   ozone layer   e Ozonschicht P parched (land)   verdorrt,  ausgetrocknet partly cloudy   teilweise bewà ¶lkt,  wolkig patchy fog   stellenweise Nebel permafrost   r Dauerfrostboden pour  v.  Ã‚  giessen,  schà ¼tten  Ã‚   downpour   r Platzregen  (-)  Ã‚   Its pouring down rain.  Es regnet in Strà ¶men. precipitation   r Niederschlag  Ã‚   20 inches of precipitation a year   508 mm Niederschlag pro Jahr probability   e Wahrscheinlichkeit  (-en)  Ã‚   probability of rain  e Niederschlagswahrscheinlichkeit prognosis, forecast   e Voraussage  (-n),  e Vorhersage  (-n),  e Prognose  (-n) R radar   s Radar radar image   s Radarbild radiation   e Strahlung radiant energy   e Strahlungsenergie rain  n.  Ã‚  r Regenrain  v.  Ã‚  regnen  Ã‚   Its raining cats and dogs.  Es regnet in Strà ¶men. rainbow   r Regenbogen raindrop   r Regentropfen rainfall   r Niederschlag rain gauge   r Regenmesser  (measured in millimeters) rainy   regnerisch rainy season   e Regenzeit S satellite view   s Satellitenbild  (-er) scorching  adj.  Ã‚  sehr heiß sea level  s Normalnull  (NN),  r Meeresspiegel  Ã‚   above sea level  Ãƒ ¼ber dem Meeresspiegel,  Ãƒ ¼ber NN severe (winds, storms)   rau,  schwer,  stark sheet lightning   s Wetterleuchten  Ã‚   lightning  r Blitz shine   scheinen shower   r Schauer  (-) showery   regnerisch sirocco   r Scirocco/r Schirokko  (a warm, gusty Mediterranean wind) sky   r Himmel sleet  r Graupel smog   r Smog snow   r Schnee snowfall   r Schneefall snowflake   e Scgneeflocke  (-n) snowy   verschneit sprinkle   nieseln squall, gust   Ã‚  e Bà ¶e  (-n),  r Schwall sticky (humid)   schwà ¼l storm   s Unwetterstorm   r Sturm  (high winds) stormy   stà ¼rmisch sun   e Sonne sunny   sonnig sunshine   r Sonnenschein T terrible  adj.  Ã‚  furchtbar  Ã‚   terrible weather   furchtbares Wetter thunder  n.  Ã‚  r Donner thunderstorm   s Gewitter tide(s)   e Gezeiten  pl. tornado   r Wirbelsturm,  r Tornado trade wind   r Passat travel weather, travel forecast   s Reisewetter trough (low pressure)   r Trog,  pl.  Trà ¶ge typhoon   r Taifun U UV index   r UV-Index V variable (winds light and variable)   wechselhaft visibility   e Sichtweite W warm   warm weather   s Wetter,  e Wetterlageweather balloon   r Wetterballon  (-e)weather forecast/report   r Wetterbericht  (-e)weather map   e Wetterkarte  (-n)weather vane   e Wetterfahne  (-n),  r Wetterhahn wet   nass wind   r Wind windchill temperature   e Windchill-Temperatur wind current   e Luftstrà ¶mung  (-en) windy   windig

Is the constant vulnerability and pressure on the U.S. dollar a Dissertation

Is the constant vulnerability and pressure on the U.S. dollar a serious threat to American hegemony and unipolarity as a whole - Dissertation Example For example, in 1995 it was estimated that approximately fifty nine percent (59%) of the total global currency reserve was made up of US dollar (Global currency reserve 2013). In 1998, the US dollar constituted approximately sixty nine percent (69%) of the total global currency reserve, and in 1999 it constituted of approximately seventy one percent (71%) of the total global currency reserve. Global currency reserve (2013) further indicated that in the third quarter of 2012, the US dollar was estimated to constitute an approximate of 62 percent of the global currency reserve. The composition of the other competing currencies such as Euro, Japanese Yuan and Starling Pound are still insignificant when compared to that of the United States dollar (Global currency reserve 2013). For example, the second most commonly used international currency, the Euro, was estimated to constitute 24 percent of the total global currency reserve in the third quarter of 2012 (Global currency reserve 2013) . It has been argued by some economists such as Kirshnars (2012) that this constant fall of value and fluctuations of the United States of America dollar in global market has a serious threat to American hegemony and unipolarity as a whole. ... value of US dollar would deprive United States of America of enjoying the benefits of economic dominance such as ability to finance its trade related deficits. Other than Kirshnars, Clerk is another author who supported the opinion that United States of America will lose its economic and political hegemony as whole due to the current pressures and threats. Goldberg (2010) is another economist who suppported the above mentioned argument. Goldberg (2010) explained that the current pressure would affect international trade and economy of the United States of America as a whole. Even though the Kirshnars, Goldberg and Clerk tried to relate the strength of US dollar with the economic and political dominance of United States of America, the authors failed to explain how the United States rose to this dominance and factors that contributed towards this dominance. Also, the authors failed to explain why economic and political influences of some nations such as China are on the rapid rise reg ardless of the fact that their currencies remain insignificant in terms of global currency reserve. Due to the above mentioned weakness, my opinion as well as argument is contrary to those of Kirshnar, Clerk and Goldberg, and contrary to the argument that the constant vulnerability and pressure on the U.S. dollar may cause a serious threat to American hegemony and unipolarity as a whole. In this regard I am of the view that due to the strength and experience of the United States economy, it will not lose its hegemony as a whole but other contenders may arise such as China and emerging markets. This paper, therefore, aims at supporting the view that due to the strength and experience of the United States economy, it will not lose its hegemony as a whole but other contenders may arise such as

Production Warehouse Move Program Status Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Production Warehouse Move Program Status - Essay Example The company’s top management designs annual goals and establishes appropriate measures aimed at attaining these goals. This is by primarily focusing on the most pressing matters before delving into aspects having lower importance. Such prioritization of goals allows for efficacy in utilization of company resources and wastage reduction in terms of labor resources required to effect different projects (Berkun, 2005). In order to maximize its profit and revenue potential, TAC has undertaken a robust project plan, which is aimed at streamlining its operations and enhancing its effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of TAC’s operations by looking at its organizational structure, level of performance and overall management strategies employed in the company. In addition, the company is venturing into various strategic moves, one of which will primarily affect the District 4 warehouses’ operations as they have to be moved to a new location. This paper provides an assessment of this project’s management, risks involved and systems employed to ensure project success. The project has been brought about by District 4’s rapid expansion over a few years, which has necessitated movement and expansion of the division to a new site about 10 miles away from the old site. According to the company’s VP of operations, the move is bound to provide additional room needed to generate an additional $ one million in revenues, which will boost company’s overall financial performance. Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary. .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 2.0 Project Performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 3.0 Organizational Structure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 4.0 Project and Administrative Teams †¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 5.0 Project Risk Management †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 6.0 Project Management Techniques Employed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 7.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 8.0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 2.0 Project Performance For any company undertaking a business project, it invests time, money and other resources so its primary concern is always what it will get in return for its investments. A project manager should be employed, either from within TAC or from outside the co mpany. This manager ensures the project stays on schedule and survives on its approved budget without requiring additional funding. A project manager uses project performance measurement to ensure the project team is operating within approved cost and time constraints, and the project is performed according to preset plans. Assessing project performance also alerts company management if or when the project starts lagging behind with regard to time constraints or if it runs over the approved budget. This is done to enable management to take proper treatment modules and return the project back on track. The project head outlines work packages involved in carrying out the project. Here, the project head establishes concise definitions of size and work packages through a work breakdown structure (WBS). There are two probable WBS standards to choose from in terms of performance. First, there is the 4 to 40 hours, which

Antidepressant Drugs: Types, Effects and Developments

Antidepressant Drugs: Types, Effects and Developments Introduction: Depression is one of the parts of mental disorder which is affecting millions of people worldwide. [6] The logical analytical approach used in clinical and forensic toxicology for the identification of one or more Antidepressant Drugs as a cause of intoxication is largely based on both simple and fast screening methods which cover their extraction and identification including detection of their possible metabolites is been tried to reviewed. Antidepressant: Types Functions Antidepressant drugs cover many varieties of drugs having different modes of actions like [16] etc. Adverse effects Antidepressants are supposed to increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children accompanying other disorders like depressive and psychiatric disorders. [17] [18] [19] The European Medicines Agency showed warning on the use of Antidepressants which might be increased the risk of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. [31] TCAs and MAOIs can produce similar kind of side effects like Tachycardia, blurred vision, urinary retention, cardiovascular effects , hypotension, respiratory depression, coma etc. [4] Thus, these drugs may be responsible for the fatality and intoxication and can produce severe effects. Also their growing rate all over the world may show threatening effects which is the matter of global concern. Thus, its increasing prescription rate and adverse effects resulting in a growing interest for determination methods in the Clinical and Forensic field. Biological Samples use for the Screening of Antidepressant Drugs Biological samples are the basic requirement of Forensic and Clinical Toxicology as it solve several related questions which make basis of judgement, consultation and expertise for the above two fields. The matrices generally encountered for analysis are urine [34], hair, nails, vitrous humour etc. The most important biosample used for analytical purposes is Blood. It is a liquid connective tissue of the body composed of different kinds of blood cells suspended in a fluid called plasma. Blood (plasma, serum) is one of the best choices for quantitative and qualitative measurements of drugs of interest because pharmacological or toxicological effects correlate more effectively with their concentrations in blood. [42] Another important biological sample is Urine which is a widely used specimen employed for screening, identification and testing of unknown drugs, forms in high amount, readily available, easy to collect and contains much useful information about the major metabolic functions of the body. [43] Taking Forensic concept in postmortem cases if the positive finding of drug occurs in urine shows that the detected substance or its parent compound might be present in the body some time before death [48] A next alternative to the blood and urine specimen found is Oral fluid for their applications in therapeutic and toxicological drug monitoring [54] When analytical studies get concern with long duration of exposure to the detection window Hair could be as a best biological matrix for the identification and analysis of drugs. It is supposed that drugs or chemicals enter in to hair by passive diffusion from blood capillaries into growing cells and the mechanisms of substance incorporation, analytical methods, result interpretation and practical applications of hair analysis has been well reviewed showing practical utility of hair analysis. [62] Except from all the above given matrices one very precise and rarely encountered biological sample is Vitreous Humor. Its a fluid found between the lens and retina of the eye proved to be the best choice for analytical examinations as it is relatively well isolated and protected from putrefaction. Two different fatality cases were reported where the extraction of drugs is done from Vitreous humor. One case has been reported of citalopram fatality where the extraction of drug is done from Vitreous humor yeilding concentration of citalopram (SSRI) less than 0.04mg/L and in second case venlafaxine fatality is reported where postmortem analysis revealed the concentrations of Fluoxetine (SSRI) and its metabolite Norfluoxetine as 5.2 mg/l and 2.2mg/l respectively. [64] Other than these specimens, body tissues like liver [71], cerebrospinal fluid etc. canalso encounter for toxic and therapeutic drug monitoring biological matrices. Techniques for Sample Preparation Several methods have been published for the determination of one or more antidepressants in biological fluids for therapeutic monitoring or for toxicological purposes. For making biological samples suitable for analytical purposes some treatments should be given to overcome the matrix effects such that the other materials should not interfere with the analytical separation that is the extractability of the analytes in the sample inturn the results of the analysis. [96] These kinds of techniques are rapidly gaining acceptance in bioanalytical applications to reduce both time and labor required to produce bioanalytical results. Thus we can say that these methods give a high selectivity and sensitivity over a wide dynamic range and contribute in formulating very fine detection techniques. Some Commonly Prescribed New Generation Antidepressant Drugs and their Metabolites Several new antidepressants that inhibit the Serotonin (SERT) and Norepinephrine transporters (NET) have been consistently use for therapeutic purposes. [108] are showing below. Sertraline is an effective and highly utilized SSRIs group of drug and â€Å"its principle metabolite is desmethylsertraline.† [41] Another SSRIs group of Antidepressant drug, Fluoxetine has been used worldwide in the therapy of major depression. (3) â€Å"It is primarily metabolized via N-demethylation by the [117] Citalopram is a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor. [78] Another very important group of Antidepressant drug is SNRIs which includes drugs like Venlafaxine which inhibits serotonin, noradrenaline, and to a lesser extent dopamine reuptake. [39] In the majority of published analytical methods for determination of Antidepressant drugs, gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, in combination to different kinds of colums operating under different separation conditions, mobile phases and detectors has been used. These were tried to review in the table given below. With high-performance liquid chromatography the analysis is done by using different kinds of detectors like Fluorescence detector, UV detector, Mass detectors etc. For ex. a high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) in human plasma where Fluorescence detector was used. [140] A survey of most recent multiresidue analytical methods developed for the determination of different kinds of Antidepressant drugs in different types of biological test matrices with their specific cleanup procedures including the choice of mobile phase, stationary phase, detector system and validation data is summarized in the tabular form below. TABLE Abbreviations:APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation, ESI eletrospray ionisation, LLE liquid-liquid extraction, LOD limitation of detection, LOQ limit of quantification, SIM single ion monitoring, SPE solid-phase extraction, SRM selected reaction monitoring , ESI electron spray ionization, UV ultraviolet, FD fluorescence detector, LC_TMS liquid chromatography tandom mass spectrometry, LC_MS, GC_MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry, RP-HPLC reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Thus, this table is framed for the comparative study of the major analytical approaches used in the detection and identification of Antidepressant Drugs and their metabolites in different biological matrices in order to develop the new methods with the aim to increase the sample throughput and to improve the quality of analytical methods. Thus, analytical methods for the detection of ADs and their metabolites in biological matrices are of interest in the field of forensic toxicology which involves the analysis of drugs and poisons in biological specimens and interpretation of the results to be applied in a court of law. Several analytical methods have been developed for analysis of these antidepressants in biological matrices. These methods provide a good precision and accuracy over the entire analytical range and allowing the development of very rapid and efficient analytical methods by using newer kind of analytical techniques. Conclusion: As the subject of Antidepressants toxicity is evolving, newer methods for their analysis are also evolving. However, some classes of Antidepressants drugs are less toxic and well tolerated but can lead to Toxic or Fatal Drug interaction. The research in this field is very active and results in a large number of papers published every year. Therefore they may be encountered in many Clinical and Forensic cases. Therefore, this review is mainly aimed to target latest analytical and instrumental methods used for detection and characterization of Antidepressant drugs and their metabolites in biological test matrices in turn focus on their toxic as well as therapeutic aspects which would be definitely prove to be helpful in future research and still there is lots of work required in this area as its prescription rate and toxicity is evolving day by day all over the world and by using non-destructive and sophisticated newer instrumental techniques we can also built a new strategy of examina tion and investigation for the drugs of interest. However, in this study, a decision about whether a studys findings are positive or negative cannot always be based strictly on the primary outcome measure. Future trials should also consider, using different kinds of detecting techniques and methods which would allow for easier comparison and interpretation of results across studies as the subject is of global concern and despite the success of such methods there is a continuing need for sustained innovations. Thus, future work in this area will definitely prove to be a promising from both clinical as well as from forensic prospect.

Loneliness to Insanity and Madness in A Rose for Emily and The Yellow W

From Loneliness to Insanity in A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wall-Paper      Ã‚   In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir states that within a patriarchal society "woman does not enjoy the dignity of being a person; she herself forms a part of the patrimony of a man: first of her father, then of her husband" (82-3). Both Emily Grierson in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" and the narrator of Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wall-Paper" are forced into solitude simply because they are women. Emily's father rejects all of her prospective mates; the husband of Gilman's narrator isolates her from stimulation of any kind. Eventually, Emily is a recluse trapped in a deprecated home, and the narrator in Gilman's story is a delusional woman confined to her bed. A study of the characterization and setting of "A Rose for Emily" and "The Yellow Wall-Paper" demonstrates how the oppressive nature of patriarchy drives the women in both stories insane.    The "patrimony of a man" destroys Emily as her father smothers her with his over-protectiveness. He prevents her from courting anyone as "none of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such" (82). When her father dies, Emily refuses to acknowledge his death; "[W]ith nothing left, she . . . [had] to cling to that which had robbed her" (83). When she finally begins a relationship after his death, she unfortunately falls for Homer Baron who "liked m... ...Jellife. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1956.    ---. Faulkner in the University. Ed. Frederick L. Gwynn and Joseph L. Blotner. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 1959.    ---. "A Rose for Emily." Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. 3rd ed. Orlando: Harcourt, 1997. 80-87.    Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "Why I Wrote 'The Yellow Wall-Paper.'" The Forerunner. October 1913. Online. An American Literature Survey Site. 14 November 1998. Available HTTP: www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~daniel/amlit/index.html    ---. "The Yellow Wall-Paper." Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. 3rd ed. Orlando: Harcourt, 1997. 160-73.

Describe Place

Kelas Reguler Pagi dan Sore Mata Kuliah : Bahasa Inggris I Dosen : Restu Arini, S. Pd. Prodi : Semua Prodi Hari/Tanggal : Senin, 19 Nopember 2012 (Reg Sore) Selasa, 20 Nopember 2012 (Reg Pagi) Sifat : Take-Home Test Read the instruction carefully You are going to make video on your oral performance for Mid Test Project. The videos are based on the four topics we have discussed in classroom meeting (see the explanation in the box). The video can be made by using any recording media such as hand phone, handy cam, camera, etc which then should be compiled in one CD.You have got about 3 to 10 minutes to present each topic. Label your CD with your name, student number, and major. You are to submit the CD on the exam date. Read the explanation below of how you make t his project: Topic 1 : Introducing Yourself You must introduce yourself by mentioning the following things in your video; Introduce Your Name/Surname; describe Your Education Background; describe Your Competency; Describe Your Prospective Career; Describe Your Hobby, Your family, things you are doing and etc. You are allowed to add more information in order to make your vide o more interesting.Please go to these links to get better idea about how to deal with this topic: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=CZCfTX oRzg&feature=autoplay&list=PLA7C7BF7961EB4606&playnext=2 http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=jiUdDxGlxvI http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=etIpPH5CEdA&feature=related Topic 2 : Description of People Read a biography book about famous people/group of people of any kind of professions (the person you are chosen might be an athlete, a musician, a comedian, a politician or even activists). The book can be written in English or in Bahasa Indonesia.An article taken from internet is not acceptable. Having finished reading the book you must make a description about him/her/them, in the following ways: ? The physical appearance ? The quality of the person using P-M-I Chart (see tool #1) Plus = you are about telling the quality of the person from the positive or good side. Minus = you are to discuss the person’s bad points. Interesting = you are to reveal the things or personality which made this person interesting, in other word his/her charisma or charm. Use the P-M-I Chart as a guideline to make your summary on the biography book you read.In the video, you do not have to show me the P-M-I Chart. You will be scored based on certain requirement (see Scoring Rubric #1) Please go to these links to get better idea about how to deal with this topic: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=vVeojbg_JgI Arini. MidProject. English1. 2012 1 http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=tMMmJqh4qek http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=sqt_IbqJOLg http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=GrqEANtMqYo Topic 3 : Description of Object Choose an object of the following category: Furniture /Kitchen tools / Electronic Stuff s/ Vehicles / Office Equipments/Music InstrumentsMake a description on the object you choose. Give as detail information as possible. Go to these link to have clear idea about this topic: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=H1mAtWACONM http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=kiyNYWGL-yg Topic 4 : Description of Place Choose two places to describe. The first is your hometown or place where you were born or place where you grew up. The second will be the place you are eager to visit. Here you may describe a specific place related to your dream or ambition. For example; you have a plan to continue study after finishing your bachelor degree.MidProject. English1. 2012 2 Scoring Rubric #1 (for description of people) 4 (standard of excellence) ? Develop detailed and convincing observation for each of three categories Identifies own conclusion and provides convincing and detailed rationale for choice ? Information is accurate, detailed, well, organized and presented with clarity 3 ( Exceed ? Develops convincing observation for each of the three categories acceptable ? Identifies own conclusion and provides detailed rationale for choice standard) ? Information is accurate and organized 2 ( meets ? Develop basic observation for each of the three categories acceptable ? Identifies own conclusion and provide rationale for choice standard) ? Information is accurate 1 ( needs improved ?Observation are incomplete and /or incorrect to meet acceptable ? Identifies own conclusion but does not explain rationale standard) ? Information is inaccurate, vague or missing Scoring Rubric #2 (for description of object and places) 4 (standard of excellence) ? Identifies multiple convincing and insightful examples of what a specific trait looks like/sound like/feels like ? Uses precise and detailed vocabulary to support description of examples 3 ( Exceed acceptable standard) ? Identifies multiple convincing examples of what a specific trait looks like/sound like/feels like Uses detailed vocabulary to support description of examples 2 ( meets acceptable standard) ? Identifies appropriate examples of what a specific trait looks like/sound like/feels like ? Uses appropriate vocabulary to support description of examples 1 ( needs improved to meet acceptable standard) ? Identifies examples of what a specific trait looks like/sound like/feels like that are erroneous or inappropriate ? Uses vocabulary that is vague and /or is incorrect Good Luck Arini. MidProject. English1. 2012 3

A Short Summary of the Persian Wars

The term Greco-Persian Wars is thought to be less biased against the Persians than the more common name Persian Wars, but most of our information about the wars comes from the winners, the Greek side—the conflict apparently was not important enough, or too painful for the Persians to record. For the Greeks, however, it was critical. As British classicist Peter Green has characterized it, it was a David and Goliath struggle with David holding out for political and intellectual liberty against the monolithic theocratic Persian war machine. It wasnt just Greeks against Persians, nor were all the Greeks always on the Greek side. Summary Locations:  Various. Especially Greece, Thrace, Macedonia,  Asia MinorDates:  c. 492–449/8 BCEWinner:  GreeceLoser:  Persia (under kings  Darius  and  Xerxes) Earlier than the (mostly failed) attempts by the Persian kings Darius and Xerxes to control Greece, the Achaemenid empire was enormous, and Persian King Cambyses had extended the Persian Empire around the Mediterranean coast by absorbing Greek colonies. Some Greek poleis (Thessaly, Boeotia, Thebes, and Macedonia) had joined Persia, as did other non-Greeks, including Phoenicia and Egypt. There was opposition: many Greek poleis under the leadership of Sparta on land, and under the dominance of Athens at sea, opposed the Persian forces. Before their invasion of Greece, Persians had been facing revolts within their own territory. During the Persian Wars, revolts within Persian territories continued. When Egypt revolted, the Greeks helped them. When Were the Greco-Persian Wars? The Persian Wars are traditionally dated 492–449/448 BCE. However, conflict started between the Greek poleis in Ionia and the Persian Empire before 499 BCE. There were two mainland invasions of Greece, in 490 (under King Darius) and 480–479 BCE (under King Xerxes). The Persian Wars ended with the Peace of Callias of 449, but by this time, and as a result of actions taken in Persian War battles, Athens had developed her own empire. Conflict mounted between the Athenians and the allies of Sparta. This conflict would lead to the Peloponnesian War during which the Persians opened their deep pockets to the Spartans. Medize Thucydides (3.61–67) says the Plataeans were the only Boeotians  who did not medize. To medize was to submit to the Persian king as overlord. The Greeks referred to the Persian forces collectively as Medes, not distinguishing Medes from Persians. Likewise, we today dont distinguish among the Greeks (Hellenes), but the Hellenes were not a united force before the Persian invasions. Individual poleis could make their own political decisions. Panhellenism (united Greeks) became important during the Persian Wars. Next, when the barbarian invaded Hellas, they say that they were the only Boeotians who did not Medize; and this is where they most glorify themselves and abuse us. We say that if they did not Medize, it was because the Athenians did not do so either; just as afterwards when the Athenians attacked the Hellenes they, the Plataeans, were again the only Boeotians who Atticized. ~Thucydides Individual Battles During the Persian Wars The Persian War was fought in a series of battles between the earliest at Naxos (502 BCE), when Naxos repelled the Persians to the final battle at Prosopitis, where Greek forces were besieged by the Persians, in 456 BCE. Arguably, the most significant battles of the War included Sardis, which was burned by the Greeks in 498 BCE; Marathon in 490 BCE, the first Persian invasion of Greece; Thermopylae (480), the second invasion after which the Persians took Athens; Salamis, when the combined Greek navy decisively beat the Persians in 480; and Plataea, where the Greeks effectively ended the second Persian invasion in 479. In 478, the Delian League was formed of several Greek city-states united to combine efforts under the leadership of Athens. Considered the start of the Athenian empire, the Delian League conducted several battles aimed at the expulsion of the Persians from Asian settlements, over a period of twenty years.   The main battles of the Persian Wars were: Conflict Origins: 1st Naxos, SardisIonian Revolt: Ephesus, LadeFirst Invasion: 2nd Naxos, Eretria, MarathonSecond Invasion: Thermopylae, Artemisium, Salamis, Plataea, MycaleGreek Counterattack: Mycale, Ionia, Sestos, Cyprus, ByzantiumDelian League: Eion, Doriskos, Eurymedon, Prosopitis End of the War The final battle of the war had led to the death of the Athenian leader Cimon and the defeat of the Persian forces in the area, but it didnt give decisive power in the Aegean to one side or the other. The Persians and Athenians were both tired and after Persian overtures, Pericles sent Callias to the Persian capital of Susa for negotiations. According to Diodorus, the terms gave the Greek poleis in Ionia their autonomy and the Athenians agreed not to campaign against the Persian king. The treaty is known as the Peace of Callias. Historical Sources Herodotus is the principal source on the Persian Wars, from Croesus of Lydias conquest of the Ionian poleis to the fall off Sestus (479 BCE).Thucydides provides some of the later material. There are also later historical writers, including Ephorus in the 4th century BCE, whose work is lost except for fragments, but was used byDiodorus Siculus, in the 1st century CE. Supplementing these are Justin (under Augustus) in his Epitome of Pompeius Trogus,Plutarch (2nd century CE) Biographies andPausanias (2nd century CE) Geography. In addition to historical sources, there is Aeschylus play The Persians. Key Figures Greek Miltiades (defeated the Persians at Marathon, 490)Themistocles (highly skilled Greek military leader during the Persian Wars)Eurybiades (Spartan leader in command of the Greek navy)Leonidas (king of Sparta, who died with his men at Thermopylae in 480)Pausanias (Spartan leader at Plataea)Cimon (Athenian leader after the wars supporting Sparta)Pericles (Athenian leader responsible for rebuilding Athens) Persian Darius I (fourth Persian king of the Achmaenids, ruled 522 to 486 BCE)Mardonius (military commander who died at the Battle of Plataea)Datis (Median admiral at Naxos and Eretria, and leader of the assault force at Marathon)Artaphernes (Persian satrap at Sardis, responsible for suppressing the Ionian revolt)Xerxes (ruler of the Persian empire, 486–465)Artabazus (Persian general in the second Persian invasion)Megabyzus (Persian general in the second Persian invasion) There were later battles between Romans and Persians, and even another war that might be thought of as Greco-Persian, the Byzantine-Sassanid War, in the 6th and early 7th century CE. Sources and Further Reading Aeschylus. The Persians: Seven against Thebes. Suppliants. Prometheus Bound. Ed. Sommerstein, Alan H. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.Green, Peter. The Greco-Persian Wars. Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 1996. Herodotus. The Landmark Herodotus: The Histories. Ed. Strassler, Robert B.; trans. Purvis, Andrea L. New York: Pantheon Books, 2007.Lenfant, Dominique. Greek Historians of Persia. A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography. Ed. Marincola, John. Vol. 1. Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. 200–09. Rung, Edward. Athens and the Achaemenid Persian Empire in 508/7 Bc: Prologue to the Conflict. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 6 (2015): 257–62. Wardman, A. E. Herodotus on the Cause of the Greco-Persian Wars: (Herodotus, I, 5). The American Journal of Philology 82.2 (1961): 133–50.